Hazrat Bahar is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Institute for Communication and Media Studies at Leipzig University. His fellowship is also partially supported by the Institute of International Education (IIE). His research interests include the impacts of (social) media, media systems, media in fragile states, and media assistance, mainly focusing on Afghanistan. Currently, he studies the media system of Afghanistan in the past two decades. He has published in, among others,�Media Asia, Global Media Journal, and�Cross-Culture Communication.